How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is circular in nature and organized as mitochondrial nucleoids comprised of DNA-protein complexes that are distributed in the matrix. It is also inherited ...

Not all DNA looks like the familiar twisted ladder. Sometimes, parts of our genetic code fold into unusual shapes. One such structure, the G-quadruplex (G4), looks like a knot. These knots can play ...

For decades, reading proteins has remained an analog challenge in a digital world. Researchers at Stanford University have developed a “reverse translation” method that converts protein sequences into ...